ActaEducation is an International scientific journal
Mathematical Modeling of Economic Problems
When solving economic problems, we rely on pre-developed plans that are formed using mathematical modeling methods. Mathematical modeling is the process of solving a problem through numerical and formal methods. Mathematics plays a key role in analyzing and optimizing economic processes. This article discusses the development of a program designed to solve economic problems based on mathematical modeling.
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Assessment of the effectiveness of investments in human capital
This article examines the issues of assessing the effectiveness of investments in human capital from both scientific-theoretical and practical perspectives. Investments directed toward human capital, particularly expenditures on education, healthcare, professional training, and skills development, are analyzed in terms of their economic efficiency. The study evaluates the impact of human capital on economic growth, labor productivity, and income levels. In addition, financial and social indicators used to assess investment effectiveness—such as profitability, cost–benefit analysis, and the Social Return on Investment (SROI) method—are thoroughly examined. The results of the research demonstrate that investments in human capital are a crucial factor in ensuring long-term sustainable economic development and have significant practical value for decision-making processes in this field.
Changes observed in uzbekistan under the conditions of a green economy: trends and prospective directions
This article examines the key transformations taking place in Uzbekistan during the transition to a green economy. The study highlights institutional reforms, the growing use of renewable energy, changes in transport and urban development, as well as the modernization of waste management and agricultural practices. Particular attention is given to the challenges that hinder rapid progress, including insufficient investment, outdated infrastructure and the need for stronger environmental standards. The paper proposes practical recommendations to accelerate green economic growth and strengthen sustainable development mechanisms. The conclusions emphasize that Uzbekistan possesses significant potential to become a regional leader in green economic transformation.
CRITERIA, INDICATORS AND LEVELS OF DIGITAL LITERACY FORMATION AMONG STUDENTS OF NON-IT MAJORS
The article substantiates a criterion-based diagnostic framework for assessing digital literacy among undergraduate students in non-IT fields. Based on a comparative analysis of international, Russian, and Uzbek approaches, digital literacy is conceptualized as an integrative personal quality encompassing motivational-value, cognitive, operational-activity, and reflexive-evaluative components. A structural-criteria model is constructed, with defined criteria, indicators, and three levels (low, intermediate, high) of proficiency. Diagnostic tools and an implementation algorithm are proposed. The limitations and prospects for expanding the model to include generative AI literacy indicators are discussed. The materials can be applied in designing educational programs and monitoring the quality of students' digital training
DIGITALIZATION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN: PANEL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGY-2030
The paper presents an econometric assessment of the impact of digitalization on the economic growth of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of the Uzbekistan-2030 Strategy implementation. The methodological framework is based on an augmented Cobb–Douglas production function in a logarithmic specification, estimated on panel data covering 14 regions of the country for the period 2017–2024 (112 observations) using three alternative methods: Pooled OLS, Random Effects (RE), and Fixed Effects (FE). To measure the level of digital development of the regions, a composite index is constructed on the basis of two normalized sub-indices: Internet penetration and mobile subscriber coverage per 100 inhabitants. The Hausman test (χ²(3) = 398.7; p < 0.001) unambiguously confirms the preference for the fixed-effects model. In the main FE specification with both regional and time fixed effects, the elasticity of gross regional product per capita with respect to ln(DIGITAL) is 0.178 (significant at 10\%); in a more parsimonious entity-only FE specification, the coefficient reaches 0.432 (significant at 1\%). Robustness tests across sub-periods reveal a pronounced structural shift after the COVID-19 pandemic: the elasticity rises from 0.165 (2017–2019, not significant) to 0.494 (2020–2024, significant at 1%), indicating a qualitative change in the contribution of digitalization to regional growth. A significant digital divide between Tashkent and peripheral regions is identified. Practical recommendations for the digital component of Strategy-2030 are formulated.
Forecasting realized volatility of stock indices using the extra trees algorithm: an ablation study of hyperparameters
This paper presents a systematic study of the influence of three key hyperparameters of the ExtraTreesRegressor algorithm — the number of base trees N, maximum depth max_depth, and minimum number of samples in a leaf min_samples_leaf — on the forecasting accuracy of realized volatility for stock indices and equities over a horizon of k = 5 trading days. The experiments were conducted on four financial instruments (AAPL, TSLA, ^GSPC, ^IXIC) using 11 years of daily trading data (2015–2026) and an expanding-window walk-forward protocol with K = 22 expanding folds. Based on 13 unique ExtraTrees configurations (a total of 1144 independent runs), the following findings were obtained: increasing N beyond 100 provides only a negligible reduction in RMSE while increasing training time by a factor of 10; restricting max_depth to 6–9 achieves the lowest RMSE, reflecting the bias–variance tradeoff under conditions of a highly noisy target variable; increasing min_samples_leaf from 5 to 50 monotonically reduces RMSE by 11–16% due to leaf regularization. The best configuration achieves RMSE = 0.00403 for the ^GSPC index, comparable to LightGBM (0.00392) and XGBoost (0.00403). The results provide practical recommendations for hyperparameter selection in daily-frequency volatility forecasting. Keywords: realized volatility; extremely randomized trees; ExtraTrees; volatility forecasting; ablation study; stock indices; walk-forward cross-validation; machine learning for finance.
Factors and Preconditions for the Implementation of State Youth Policy in Uzbekistan
The goal of state youth policy is to create conditions for successful socialization and effective self-realization of youth, development of youth potential and its use in the interests of innovative development of the country. Achieving this goal is a prerequisite for the accelerated development of the country and ensuring the well-being of the population. In this regard, the issue of youth in Uzbekistan is one of the highest priority areas of state policy.
The Role of Brand as an Economic Category and Its Impact on Company Performance
This article analyzes the role of the brand as an economic category and its impact on company performance. A brand serves not only as a tool for distinguishing products or services, but also as a source of economic value that contributes to financial stability, strengthens market position, and enhances consumer loyalty. The article examines the economic functions of the brand, including increasing market value, optimizing marketing expenditures, and creating strategic advantages.
Dielectric permittivity of composite polymer materials based on polyethylene containing copper nanoparticles
Two types of composite materials containing copper micro- and nanoparticles in a polyethylene matrix have been created and studied. The static dielectric permittivity of polyethylene containing copper nano- and microparticles was measured near the percolation threshold. It has been established that below this threshold, discrepancies between experimental data and predictions from modern theory of heterogeneous systems are observed. It has been found that in polyethylene-based composites with copper nanoparticles, an additional contribution to dielectric permittivity is observed in the region below the percolation threshold. The reasons for this effect are considered, taking into account the spatial structure of the material within the framework of the model proposed by Balberg and his co-authors for composite systems
Copyright (c) 2025 Acta Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Historical-Philosophical Origins of Humane Pedagogy: From the East to the Present
Abstract. The article examines the philosophical foundations of humane pedagogy, starting with ancient Eastern traditions and ending with modern humanistic approaches. The ideas of Confucius, Buddha, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, as well as the New European philosophers Rousseau and representatives of the 20th century are analyzed. It is emphasized that humane pedagogy is based on philosophical ideas about the value of personality, respect, freedom and love as the main foundations of education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Acta Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
INTEGRATING CORPUS AND DISCOURSE APPROACHES TO ANALYZE TERMINOLOGICAL COLLOCATIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Abstract. This article investigates how terminological collocations (fixed combinations of specialized terms) function across English and Uzbek, combining corpus analysis and discourse analysis to reveal patterns of use, frequency, and contextual variation. By integrating quantitative data from specialized corpus and qualitative insights from discourse analysis (nanotechnology), the study aims to uncover how professional and cultural factors shape terminological collocation patterns in both languages. The study will not only identify shared and unique patterns in English and Uzbek terminological collocations but also show how discourse practices shape terminology use. This can contribute to fields like contrastive linguistics, translation studies, and lexicography, and support better bilingual terminology databases. Future research could expand this work by incorporating a larger corpus, including other languages, and exploring diachronic changes in nanotechnology discourse.
Comparative analysis of management models of educational institutions in Great Britain and Uzbekistan
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of educational institutions management models in the UK and Uzbekistan. This study examines the characteristics, differences and similarities, advantages and disadvantages of educational institutions management in these two countries. The purpose of this article is to identify the common and specific features in the educational institutions management systems of the UK and Uzbekistan.
Features of the management of educational institutions in the UK: theoretical and practical aspects
The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the management of educational institutions in the UK. This study was conducted to identify the features and uniqueness of the management system of educational institutions in the UK. For a full understanding of its functioning, it is necessary to consider both the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of implementation on the ground. Considerable attention is paid to the main trends and changes in the management of schools, colleges and universities in the UK. Also, the article analyzes the key models and theoretical concepts that underlie the educational policy of the UK
Some issues of educational reform by Turkestan Jadids
This article analyzes the reforms in the field of education of the Jadid movement, which took shape in the territory of Turkestan in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. It highlights the Jadids’ initiatives in establishing “new method” schools, their work on enriching educational programs based on modern sciences, and their ideas calling the younger generation to enlightenment
The role of educational technologies in improving management effectiveness
This article deeply analyzes the importance of educational technologies in management, their current status, foreign experience in educational technologies introduced to improve management efficiency, the impact of educational technologies on management efficiency, methods of their use and their importance in increasing efficiency. The possibilities of using educational technologies in improving the efficiency of management and their advantages are scientifically studied. The possibilities of using educational technologies in management and assessing their effectiveness are theoretically covered.
The specifics of personnel management in modern educational institutions
The article discusses various approaches to understanding the specifics of personnel management, ranging from traditional models focusing on control and efficiency to modern concepts focusing on human development and creating a favorable work environment.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING THE PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS
The article discusses an important issue in higher education: the significance of innovative teaching and the role of educational innovation. It emphasizes that innovative teaching methods come to life and are implemented by educators, who act as agents of change. Human element plays a crucial role in adopting and spreading these innovations, as teachers not only put them into practice, but also improve and modernize them through their daily work. This dynamic process highlights the critical importance of teacher creativity and flexibility in driving educational progress.
The basic principles of a systematic approach to the organization of educational activities of a hospital school
In this article, the author discusses the basic principles of a systematic approach to the organization of educational activities of a hospital school. In conditions where the educational process is integrated into the conditions of a medical institution, a systematic approach allows for the integrity, adaptability and flexibility of the learning environment. The author highlights the basic principles of the systemic approach, reveals them, showing the relationship with the educational and medical process.
The importance of optimizing the process of ensuring the psychometric criteria of the scientificity of psychodiagnostic methodologies
The article highlights one of the current issues for psychology specialists: adapting methodologies to the ethno-cultural environment, or solving problems in the process of providing psychometric criteria in the development of various questionnaires in optimal ways. Solving such problems allows psychologists to master new psychodiagnostic methods based on scientific research. The process of optimizing psychometric criteria allows us to take into account this diversity and adapt methodologies for different cultures. The process of providing psychometric criteria must comply with professional standards, which increases professionalism in the field of psychology.
Features of individualization and self-development in Western pedagogy
The article analyzes the features of individualization and self-improvement in Western pedagogy, based on the ideas of Augustine, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, Janusz Korczak, and Lev Vygotsky. It examines how these thinkers' ideas have shaped modern approaches to education, focusing on personal development, self-awareness, and moral education. Augustine emphasized spiritual self-improvement, Rousseau emphasized the freedom and natural goodness of the child, Kant emphasized education through reason and autonomy, Froebel emphasized the importance of play as a means of development, Montessori emphasized an individual approach to learning, Korczak emphasized respect for children's rights, and Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction in development. The article explores these concepts in the context of modern education and provides practical insights on how to implement the principles of individualization and self-improvement in teaching practice.
Copyright (c) 2024 Acta Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
STEAM-education in Uzbekistan: problems and prospects of development
The article discusses the problems and prospects of the development of STEM education in Uzbekistan. The study identifies the main obstacles to the effective implementation of STEAM education, including a lack of material and technical base, a shortage of qualified teachers, outdated curricula, low student motivation and gender inequality. The article pays special attention to the need for an integrated approach to reforms in the STEAM education system to train highly qualified specialists who can contribute to economic growth and innovative development of Uzbekistan.
Opportunities for personality-oriented education in learning management systems
This article analyzes the functions and functionalities of educational management systems, citing their capabilities in the implementation of personality-oriented learning. Proposals and recommendations have also been developed on the example of the open-source Moodle LMS to determine the personal learning trajectory of learners as well as the use of flexible learning implementation plugins for them.
Derivation, integration and numerical analysis of the solution to the equilibrium equation under constrained torsion of a prismatic body
The article presents an analysis of the numerical results of solving the problem of constrained torsion of a prismatic body (one side is reinforced) within the framework of the theory of elasticity (one-dimensional theory), finding the equilibrium equation, and integrating the resulting system of differential equations. The state of convergence of the solution based on the geometric and mechanical characteristics of the object under consideration is investigated.
Algorithm for constructing and solving the equilibrium equation of three-dimensional elastic bodies
Modern requirements for elements of three-dimensional spatial prismatic structures require a high level of accurate calculations when determining the strength of elements. Therefore, the calculation of problems in this area in three-dimensional space requires taking into account not only elastic deformation, but in many cases also plastic deformation.
Project management as a current trend in modern management (on the example of the education sector)
This article discusses the significance of project management as a distinct field of management science. With rapid changes occurring in various sectors, project management has become increasingly important. Using the example of analyzing the significance of project management in education, the article examines various methods and techniques. Based on this analysis, the importance and significance of project management in education is justified.
Comparative analysis of the application of information and communication technologies and traditional methods in the field of psychodiagnostics
The article discusses the benefits of using modern information technology in the field of psychological assessment and methods for its practical application. As we all know, the use of technology and computer programs has become a necessity in various aspects of our daily lives. Based on this need, the article explores the potential benefits of utilizing modern technology and software in this area, as well as how it can lead to more accurate and efficient results. We are talking about the potential for solving complex problems, minimizing human error, and achieving significant success through the use of advanced software with its vast capabilities. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding and implementing these technologies in order to achieve optimal results.
Inclusive education in Uzbekistan: current challenges and potential solutions
This article is dedicated to the examination of the current state of inclusive education in Uzbekistan. The author, analyzing the changes that have occurred in this field in recent years, highlights several existing issues. By considering approaches of foreign researchers to this matter and conducting empirical research, the author provides an assessment of the problems of inclusive education from a practical perspective. Based on this, she proposes a series of measures to address the challenges of inclusive education in Uzbekistan.
Development of Online Education: Technological Innovations and Challenges for Higher Education Institutions
The article explores the dynamics of the development of online education and its impact on higher education institutions. Particular attention is paid to technological innovations that are shaping modern teaching practices and transforming the way learning and learning are assessed. The article also analyzes the challenges that universities face in integrating online education into their operations, such as ensuring the quality of the educational process, managing data and privacy, and making online education accessible to different groups of students. As a result of the study, recommendations are offered for the effective implementation of online education in higher education, taking into account modern technological trends and the needs of students and teachers.
Numerical calculation of groundwater geofiltration processes in multilayer porous media
In this The article presents the modeling of multilayer hydrogeological processes in porous media, the results of fundamental and applied research, numerical modeling of hydrogeological processes, computational mathematics and methods of finite-difference schemes for solving simple differential equations, the development and improvement of mathematical models, and considers computational algorithms and software tools for solving problems analysis and forecasting of processes.
Statistical method of classification of objects and provision of manual
This article describes the statistical method of classifying various objects according to some indicator, its software support and instructions for its use.